Bladder Stones

Bladder Stones in Women

Bladder stones are hard mineral deposits that form inside the bladder. They can cause painful urinary symptoms, recurrent infections, and difficulty emptying the bladder. 

Our urology specialists provide advanced evaluation and minimally invasive treatment to relieve symptoms and help prevent stones from returning. 

What are Bladder Stones?

Bladder stones develop when urine remains in the bladder for too long and minerals begin to crystallize and harden. 

Unlike kidney stones, which form in the kidneys, bladder stones form directly inside the bladder or may develop when a kidney stone travels into the bladder and does not pass. 

Bladder stones can range from very small to several inches in size. 

Why Bladder Stones Form

Most bladder stones occur because the bladder is not emptying completely. When urine sits in the bladder, concentrated minerals can form crystals that gradually grow into stones. 

Common causes include: 

• Bladder outlet obstruction
• Neurogenic bladder
• Urinary retention
• Recurrent urinary infections
• Bladder diverticula
• Pelvic organ prolapse 
• Foreign material in the bladder, such as catheters 

Treating the underlying cause is important to prevent recurrence. 

Symptoms of Bladder Stones

Some small bladder stones may not cause symptoms initially. Larger stones or irritation of the bladder lining can lead to: 

• Frequent urination
• Pain or burning with urination 
• Blood in the urine
• Difficulty urinating 
• Weak or interrupted urine stream 
• Lower abdominal pain
• Urinary tract infections
• Sudden stopping and starting of urine flow 

Symptoms often worsen as stones grow larger. 

How Bladder Stones are Diagnosed

Diagnosis begins with a detailed review of symptoms and urinary health. 

Testing may include:

• Urinalysis
• Ultrasound
• CT scan
• X-ray imaging
• Cystoscopy (camera examination of the bladder)

These tests help determine the size, number, and cause of the stones. 

Treatment Options for Bladder Stones

Treatment depends on the size of the stone and the underlying cause. 

Minimally Invasive Stone Removal (Cystolitholapaxy)

The most common treatment involves using a small camera and specialized instruments to break the stone into tiny pieces and remove it through the urethra. 

This procedure: 

• Requires no external incision
• Is typically outpatient
• Provides rapid symptom relief 

Treatment of Underlying Conditions

Preventing recurrence is just as important as removing the stone. 

We may also treat: 

• Urinary retention
• Bladder obstruction
• Pelvic floor disorders
• Chronic infections

Addressing the underlying issue helps reduce the chance of future stones. 

Can Bladder Stones Go Away on Their Own?

Very small stones occasionally pass naturally, but most bladder stones require treatment. Left untreated, they can lead to:

• Chronic bladder irritation
• Recurrent infections
• Urinary retention
• Bladder damage

Preventing Bladder Stones

Prevention focuses on improving bladder emptying and urinary health. 

Recommendations may include:

• Staying well hydrated
• Managing prostate enlargement
• Treating bladder emptying disorders
• Prompt treatment of urinary infections
• Routine follow-up for recurrent stones

Frequently Asked Questions